1
Data Flow Model
Stage
Setup
Data
Status
Description
The Setup stage includes information about the request. This SETUP stage represents
one transaction.
The Data stage contains data associated with request. Some standard and class-
specific request may not require a Data stage. This stage is an IN or OUT directional
transfer and the complete Data stage represents one ore more transactions.
The Status stage, representing one transaction, is used to report the success or failure
of the transfer. The direction of the Status stage is opposite to the direction of the Data
stage. If the control transfer has no Data stage, the Status stage always is from the
device (IN).
Table 1-1 Control Transfer Stages
BULK TRANSFERS
Bulk transfers are intended for devices that exchange large amounts of data where the
transfer can take all of the available bus bandwidth. Bulk transfers are reliable, as error
detection and retransmission mechanisms are implemented in hardware to guarantee data
integrity. However, bulk transfers offer no guarantee on timing. Printers and mass storage
devices are examples of devices that use bulk transfers.
INTERRUPT TRANSFERS
Interrupt transfers are designed to support devices with latency constrains. Devices using
interrupt transfers can schedule data at any time. Devices using interrupt transfer provides a
polling interval which determines when the scheduled data is transferred on the bus.
Interrupt transfers are typically used for event notifications.
ISOCHRONOUS TRANSFERS
Isochronous transfers are used by devices that require data delivery at a constant rate with a
certain degree of error-tolerance. Retransmission is not supported by isochronous transfers.
Audio and video devices use isochronous transfers.
USB DATA FLOW MODEL
Table 1-2 shows a graphical representation of the data flow model.
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